Conflict prevention and development cooperation in africa. Beath, andrew, fotini christia and ruben enikopolov. Literature on causes of ethnic conflict covers a number of competing theories. Conflict arises for different reasons and there are different types of conflict in human society. Eight macrocomparative perspectives on conflict trends in africa are charted in order to establish a fairly comprehensive picture and understanding of the background of the situation in the region in mid2005. They often use terms such as civil war, violent conflict. January 20th the economic causes of civil conflict edward miguel, shanker satyanath and ernest sergenti, 2004. The extra infant deaths caused by the war in cambodia, for example, were estimated to be 3% of the countrys 1990 population.
Conflicts and causes of conflicts in africa project topics. We all know that africa is a diverse continent with various ethnic groups, religions, and sociocultural affiliations. It is also being torn apart due to resources such as diamonds and offshore oil, with. Violent conflict escalated in africa in 2014, with five countries in sub saharan africa. It can also be said to be an incompatibility, as of two things that cannot be simultaneously fulfilled.
It is closely observed that the majority of current conflicts in africa are more of arms conflicts. Causes of electoral violence in africa written by ngah gabriel sous dir. Since we have looked at some of the causes of conflict in africa, let us come back home and look at some of the sources of conflict in our country. Cohens assertion has a major implication for understanding the various conflicts and the attempts to resolve such conflicts on the continent. Likely solutions were also looked into and recommendations offered. Angola, which has seen an estimated 500,000 people killed since 1989 and an estimated 3 million refugees. In discussing conflicts over natural resources in africa, we need to investigate the role geography plays in the whole equation. The root causes of conflicts in the horn of africa.
The au has so far displayed a genuine will to resolve african conflicts, unlike the oau which stood by with the. Final year research project topics, ideas and materials in pdf, doc download for free. Accordingly, this paper attempted to identify and critically analyze the due. If the causes and consequences of the conflicts have their roots in colonialism, the processes of decolonisation and state formation, and the ensuing crisis of nationbuilding, then any attempt to. The case of ghana and botswana kwaku oseihwedie and morena j. Causes, impact and implications for the great lakes region executive summary the democratic republic of congo is recovering from conflicts, posting substantial improve ment in overall macroeconomic performance since the cessation of the war, on the back of robust copper and cobalt exports. In this regard, an attempt to focus on the various types of conflicts in africa from the standpoints of the subject or nature of the dominant issues involved in each category is important. In fact, since 1999 most terrorist attacks have been perpetrated by selfproclaimed christians. Causes of armed conflicts and their effects on women mubika augustine kudakwashe, bukaliya richard abstract this paper was meant to establish the causes of armed conflicts and their effects on women.
The somali civil war the 1980s date this is an ongoing civil war in somalia. The study highlights a number of innovative programmes unicef and its partners are implementing to address the impact of the numerous conflicts that have racked the region for more than a decade. Causes, effects, remedies, organizational, conflict, concept. In this rapidly changing world it is essential to understand that conflicts are unique and understanding a conflict is the first step on the path to addressing it. The advent of intrastate conflicts or new wars in west africa has. The root causes of conflicts in the horn of africa semantic. This paper examines african conflicts and the roles of the african union au in conflict resolution, focusing on the recent zimbabwe and kenya conflicts. A comparative perspective of ecomog peace operations in liberia and sierra leone. A close examination of the various conflicts occurring in africa reveals two broad. However, the two modern trends of democracy and economic prosperity elude this region due in large part to persistent conflict and complex sociopolitical dynamics.
The au has so far displayed a genuine will to resolve african conflicts, unlike the oau which stood by with the rest of the world while rwandas genocide unfolded. Marshall 2005 page 1 of 28 african regional trends in warfare and political instability the modern state system in subsaharan african1 hereafter referred to simply as africa is relatively new. The transitional authorities and their international partners must address crucial issues by implementing a comprehensive disarmament. He is also editor of the quest for peace in africa.
Resource based conflicts and political instability in africa. The study was a content analysis of forty cases that dwelt on armed conflicts the world over. Conflicts trends armed conflicts in 2006, 2008 and 2011 inter and intra state wars part 2. Conflicting needs whenever workers compete for scarce resources, recognition, and power in the companys pecking order, conflict can occur. Violent conflict escalated in africa in 2014, with five countries in subsaharan africa the central african republic car, nigeria, somalia, south sudan and sudan accounting for an estimated 75% of all conflict related deaths on the continent.
Resource based conflicts and political instability in. Roundtable discussion on preventing conflicts in africa. The first is the newly established africa union au, the organisation launched in 2002 to replace the discredited organization of african unity oau. This article explores why africa has been largely ignored and what some of the root causes of the problems are. Sep 27, 2014 this article explores why africa has been largely ignored and what some of the root causes of the problems are. Land rights and land conflicts in africa carried out for the danish. The conclusion contains recommendations on how unicef can take a more. The causes of ethnic conflict in multiethnic societies. Regional variations in three principal conflict trends are then presented for the central, east, west, and southern regions of africa. Causes and consequences, identifies the causes of conflicts as poor communication, maltreatment of employees, inadequate. Colonial production, extraverted and coercive as it already was, was ruthlessly reorganized to produce record amounts of primary agricultural and mineral commodities for the imperial armies and economies. Regional approaches to conflict management in africa. Various theories have been formulated to explain the cause of international conflicts, the process and the cycle they go through as they go through as they progress to war and finally some of the approaches to resolve them. Most of the victims of civil war are civilians, who are subjected to, or witness, warrelated traumatic events such as shootings, the consequences of conflict table 2.
Definitions and types definitions cow and ucdp conflicts by actors and incompatibility new wars greed and grievance criticism part 3. To have few resources at the disposal of a colossal number of people is to direct the emergence of poverty, just as ghandi of india put it. The common notion is that the multiethnic african state is inherently conflictual and therefore conflict is an intrinsic phenomenon of the multiethnic state. This is particularly important because the continents geographical attributes and limitations serve to explain the causes and manifestations of some of the conflicts. Land rights and land conflicts in africa carried out for the danish ministry of foreign affairs and coordinated by. A tragic factor in this is that the civilian populations bear the brunt of the casualties in such conflicts, estimated at some 8090 per cent of total casualties across the world. What is also true is that more than half of the nations in africa have been affected by conflicts that have led to the death of many individuals, huge financial burden to the economy, massive displacements, and hindrances to the development of african countries. African countries have to find answers to their conflicts by comprehending and understanding the underlying causes and histories of these conflicts and work out ways of averting potential conflicts. It has been experienced with a number of armed conflicts, ethnolinguistic disputes, religious radicalism where in it catches the attention of most developed nations including us for their strategic interest over the region. Geography of conflicts zones of peace and war global peace index part 4.
It situates the question of conflict within the context of the northern region of ghana and defines conflict as a situation in which people, groups or. North africa was a crucial combat zone during both wars. Their causes and their political and social environment abdalla bujra. Writers often discuss conflict in africa without any attempt at describing or defining the term. The causes of ethnic conflict in multiethnic societies1 hossien mohammadzadeh assistant professor of sociology, department of social science, payame noor university, tehran, iran email address. The causes and dynamics of conflict in subsaharan africa subsaharan africa is a vast land rich in natural resources with great potential for investment and opportunity. This can be done, just as in the case of acdess, by undertaking case studies of conflicts in countries, with a view to developing appropriate and. While africa has had its share of interstate wars, the majority of its conflicts were internal, and these internal conflicts appear to be increasing, as elsewhere. Causes of conflicts in 21st century africa free download as word doc. Understanding the causes and impacts of conflicts in the. Hundreds and thousands of people have lost their lives due to conflicts and civil wars.
Rankopo university of botswana introduction traditional conflict resolution processes are part of a wellstructured, timeproven social system geared towards reconciliation, maintenance and improvement of social. Presumably then, the conflicts are a unique mix of these similarities and differences. Causes of conflicts in africa conflicts in africa may be said to have been caused by a multiplicity of factors such as. Mar 02, 2015 the horn of africa hoa has been mentioned as one of the most disputed regions of the globe. The recent 2016 post election crisis in gabon12 that left scores dead seems to shows that electoral violence is an intractable phenomenon on the continent.
Force and intimidation can only be counter productive. A policy workshop country case study the root causes of conflicts in sudan and the making of the darfur tradegy eltigani seisi. Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. The findings of these study differed with that of aapengenuo 2010 and aremu 2010 that causes of conflicts in africa or subsahara africa is normally confused with cultural practices.
Conflicts and causes of conflicts in africa project. Before tackling conflicts in africa one should first consider conflict in general. Libyan civil war 2014date this is the second civil war in libya and it is an ongoing conflict among rival factions who are seeking to take control of the territory and crude oil of libya. Pdf african union, conflict, and conflict resolution in. Because everyone requires a share of the resources office space, supplies, the bosss time, or funding. Root causes, consequences, and solutions for the future ppha 3874001 course information. This chapter delves into the critical question of types and causes of conflict, with the view to addressing the common patterns of most conflicts in human society. Causes of armed conflicts and their effects on women. The research of ahmad adamu isa 14, titled conflict in organizations. Battle and total war deaths in selected african countries. In this paper the causes and impacts of conflicts in northern region are examined, with particular reference to the konkomba interethnic conflicts.
The roadmap to end the crisis including elections late 2015 presents only a shortterm answer and risks exacerbating existing tensions. In central african republic, the conflict between armed groups is now compounded by a conflict between armed communities. Below are some examples of current conflicts in nigeria. Root causes of violent conflict in developing countries. One of the leading causes of conflict in kenya is when individuals clash over limited resources such as land and water.
Current conflicts in africa 2020 and examples information. Since ethnic conflicts abound, and are escalating in contemporary africa, many have simply traced the root cause of armed conflicts to the multiethnic composition of african states. Causes of electoral violence in africa written by ngah. The foregoing does not suggest that there are no specific causes of conflict. West and central africa office on the situation of waraffected women and girls. There have recently been numerous civil wars and conflicts going in africa, some of which are still going on, including.
Conflict can be defined as a clash or disagreement often violent between opposing groups or individuals. The horn of africa hoa has been mentioned as one of the most disputed regions of the globe. Regions that have been known to be volatile are mainly in africa, asia, the americas and the middle east. Feb 09, 2002 the extra infant deaths caused by the war in cambodia, for example, were estimated to be 3% of the countrys 1990 population. Conflicts in africa may be said to have been caused by a multiplicity of factors such as. The root causes of conflicts in the horn of africa science.
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